This has not been lost on marketers. Green, sustainable, natural, environmentally-friendly, carbon neutral, eco, organic, recycled, recyclable, biodegradable, low emissions, plastic-free, without harming your world and help save the planet are just some of the terms increasingly used to attract consumers interested in environmentally friendly products and services. But how meaningful are these claims and what should consumers make of them?
The Copernicus Sentinel-3 (S3) Near Real Time (NRT) FRP product, implemented by EUMETSAT, monitors in a short time the location and associated threat (i.e. total radiative power) of all land and ocean hotspots detectable on our planet. It is applicable to agricultural burning, wildfires, deforestation, tropical peatland fires, industrial gas flares, and volcanoes, all emit radiative signatures with a high seasonal and geographical variability.
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Recent advances in solar, wind, and battery technology suggest that these newer technologies are poised to become the resources that can meet our energy needs while respecting our desire to protect our environment. And although our federal government has failed to adopt policies that acknowledge the need for responsible climate legislation, private citizens, local municipalities, interest groups, and multinational organizations around the world have undertaken initiatives to save our planet. Fossil fuels will eventually disappear, not because we will run out of them, but because they will no longer be relevant to our way of life.
I believe that my most important task as science educator is to use the curriculum in ways that will prepare my 10th and 11th grade Chemistry students to become critical, informed, and engaged young adults. Learning science is not just remembering facts and theorems; rather it is an opportunity to use scientific habits of mind to analyze the difficult problems confronting our society. At this moment in our collective history, I believe that climate change (and all of its associated consequences) is a crisis that threatens the sustainability of all life on our planet. And given that there is no national will to address the issue, the crisis will likely deepen before sensible policies are enacted.
While necessary attention is given to the ways in which the fossil fuel industry has harmed our planet, it important to note that all forms of energy production (renewable sources included) can impact society and the environment. These consequences are often overlooked as some are often hidden, or unintended and difficult to quantify 14. Zero emission vehicles may have a large environmental impact (footprint) given where and how their electricity is generated. While it is true that they are all zero emission vehicles, they may not all be carbon neutral.
Electrical power plants use thermal energy from the combustion of (coal or natural gas) to convert water into steam that is then used to turn generators that convert the mechanical energy into electricity. The internal combustion engines in our vehicles convert the chemical energy in gasoline into mechanical energy. In each case, GHG emissions are produced, while much of the thermal energy is lost as waste heat.
The two half reactions reveal the flow of electrons. Equation (6) is known as the oxidation half reaction because each aluminum lost electrons. Equation (7) is the reduction half reaction because each of the copper atoms gained electrons. This redox reaction is representative of all the reactions in batteries. In this reaction, the metals are in close contact with each other thus the electrons flow directly from one metal to the other. If, however the reactions are placed in separate reaction vessels and connected by a conducting medium, then the electrons will flow from the anode to the cathode through the external circuit. This flow of electrons (an electric current) can be used to do useful work.
There are currently several variations of electric vehicles ranging from a mild hybrid (uses a Pb-acid battery in conjunction with an internal combustion engine: the battery provides power during braking or when the engine is off), a micro hybrid (a motor / generator assembly that provides power when coasting, or braking), a plug in hybrid (with the capability of the micro hybrid along with an electricity-only capacity), and finally the all-electric vehicle which relies solely on energy provided by a rechargeable battery 27.
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